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1.
Braz. dent. j ; 34(6): 40-49, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1528037

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study evaluated a method to determine the spatial geometry of root canal preparation (RCP) using navigation dynamics and a specific algorithm from a new CBCT software (e-Vol DX). CBCT scans of 168 root canals of mandibular molars were acquired before and after RCP, using nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments (ProTaper Next, BioRace, Reciproc Blue, and WaveOne Gold). The spatial geometry of the root canals and the operative risk of disproportional wear of dentinal walls after RCP were evaluated using a new CBCT software. A 3-point scoring system was used after the measuring of cementum/dentin thickness before and after RCP in all root thirds. The root thirds were distributed into three parts of similar sizes, and the scores were categorized at three levels: 1. mild risk (1/3), 2. moderate risk (2/3), 3. severe risk (3/3). These levels were proposed according to the risk of creating disproportionate shapes, thin walls, or perforations. The data were analyzed statistically by Fischer's exact test (α = 5%). There were no significant differences in operative risk among the NiTi engine-driven systems, for the distal or mesial walls of all the root canal thirds (p>0.05). The spatial geometry method to assess operative risk allows clinical planning for a predictable enlargement of the root canal in all root thirds. Based on using a map-reading strategy on root canals in CBCT scans, NiTi engine-driven instruments did not present an increased operative risk during RCPs.


Resumo Este estudo avaliou um método para determinar a geometria espacial do preparo do canal radicular (PCR) usando uma dinâmica de navegação e um algoritmo específico do software e-Vol DX. Imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) de 168 molares inferiores foram adquiridas antes e depois do PCR, usando instrumentos de níquel-titânio (NiTi) (ProTaper Next, BioRace, Reciproc Blue e WaveOne Gold). A geometria espacial dos canais radiculares e o risco operatório de desgaste desproporcional das paredes dentinárias após o preparo foram avaliados usando o software de TCFC e-Vol DX. Um sistema de Score de 3 pontos foi usado após a mensuração da espessura cemento/dentina antes e depois do PCR, em toda extensão dos canais radiculares. Os terços radiculares foram distribuídos em três partes de tamanhos semelhantes, e os Scores foram categorizados em três níveis: 1. risco leve (1/3), 2. risco moderado (2/3), 3. risco severo (3/3). Esses níveis foram propostos de acordo com o risco de criar formas desproporcionais, paredes finas ou perfurações radiculares. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste exato de Fischer ((=5%). Não houve diferenças significativas no risco operatório entre os sistemas de NiTi acionados a motor, para as paredes distal ou mesial em todos os terços do canal radicular (p>0,05). O método de geometria espacial para avaliar o risco operatório permite o planejamento clínico para um alargamento previsível do canal radicular em todos os terços radiculares. Com base no uso de uma estratégia de navegação dinâmica de canais radiculares de molares inferiores analisados em imagens de TCFC, os instrumentos de NiTi acionados estudados não apresentaram um aumento do risco operatório durante o preparo dos canais radiculares.

2.
Braz. dent. j ; 33(3): 8-17, July-Sept. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1384037

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on infected root canals. Twenty-one human teeth were selected, and 18 were infected by E. faecalis for 60 days. The antimicrobial strategies tested were: G1. Root canal preparation (RCP) using Niquel-Titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments, 2.5% NaOCl, and final irrigation with 17% EDTA, followed by PDT with methylene blue photosensitizer and laser diode low power; G2. RCP using stainless steel files and the same irrigation and PDT protocols as G1; G3. Same RCP protocol as G1 without PDT; G4. Only irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl; G5. Same PDT protocol as G1 without RCP; G6. Negative control; G7. Positive control. Samples for microbiological tests were collected initially (S1), after RCP (S2), and after PDT (S3). Subsequently, the roots were sectioned and prepared for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. Bacterial growth was analyzed according to the turbidity of the culture medium, followed by spectrophotometric optical density (nm). The effect of PDT on the dentinal structure was evaluated at magnifications 1,600X and 5,000X and described qualitatively. The Wilcoxon test was used for the comparisons from the same specimens, and the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare groups ((=5%). Bacteria were found in all experimental groups' microbiological samples (S1, S2 and S3). The optical density of culture media was lower in S2 than in S1 of G1, 2, 3, and 4 (p> 0.05). After PDT (S3) in G1 and 2, there was an additional reduction in optical density of the culture medium, respectively (p>0.05). In Group 5, the analysis of culture media at S2 revealed an increase in optical density compared to S1(p>0.05). In SEM images of G1, 2, and 5, dentin with melting and recrystallization areas were evidenced. After preparation of the root canal with the rotary system or manually associated with 2.5% NaOCl, PDT was not able to completely eliminate E. faecalis present in the root canal.


Resumo Este estudo avaliou o efeito da terapia fotodinâmica (PDT) em canais radiculares infectados com E. faecalis. Vinte e um dentes humanos extraídos foram selecionados, e 18 foram infectados por E. faecalis por 60 dias. As estratégias antimicrobianas testadas foram: G1. Preparo do canal radicular (PCR) com instrumentos rotatórios de NiTi, NaOCl 2,5% e irrigação final com EDTA 17%, seguido de PDT com fotossensibilizador azul de metileno e laser diodo de baixa potência; G2. PCR usando limas de aço inoxidável e os mesmos protocolos de irrigação e PDT do G1; G3. Protocolo de PCR similar que G1 sem PDT; G4. Somente irrigação com NaOCl 2,5%; G5. Protocolo similar ao G1, sem PCR; G6. Controle negativo; G7. Controle positivo. Amostras para exames microbiológicos foram coletadas inicialmente (S1), após PCR (S2) e após PDT (S3). Na sequência, as raízes foram seccionadas e preparadas para análise em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). O crescimento bacteriano foi analisado de acordo com a turbidez do meio de cultura seguida pela densidade óptica espectrofotométrica (nm). O efeito da PDT na estrutura dentinária foi avaliado em aumentos de 1.600X e 5.000X, e descrito qualitativamente. O teste de Wilcoxon foi utilizado para as comparações dos mesmos espécimes e o teste de Mann-Whitney para as comparações entre os grupos ((=5%). Bactérias foram encontradas em todos os grupos experimentais, e em todas as coletas microbiológicas (S1, S2 e S3). A densidade óptica dos meios de cultura foi menor em S2 do que em S1 de G1, 2, 3 e 4 (p>0,05). Após a PDT (S3) em G1 e 2, houve redução adicional na densidade óptica do meio de cultura de 90,0% e 92,0%, respectivamente (p>0,05). No Grupo 5, a análise dos meios de cultura em S2 revelou um aumento de 3,2% na densidade óptica em comparação com S1(p>0,05). Nas imagens de MEV do G1, 2 e 5 foram evidenciadas dentina com áreas de fusão e recristalização. O PDT utilizado após preparo do canal radicular com sistema rotatório ou manual, associado ao NaOCl 2,5%, não foi capaz de eliminar completamente o E. faecalis em biofilme maduro presente no canal radicular.

3.
Braz. dent. j ; 32(6): 28-35, Nov.-Dec. 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1355840

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study describes a methodology to identify accessory root canals using the e-Vol DX software in CBCT scans. Accessory root canals are strategic shelters for microorganisms present in root canal infections. The identification of these small canals in periapical radiographic exams has limitations, besides being markedly limited accessibility to the action of endodontic instruments and to the antimicrobial agents. A significant number of accessory canals have sufficient diameters to be visible on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of high spatial resolution. Therefore, it may go unnoticed or even confused when there is no specific training for this type of diagnosis. The methodology consists in establishing thin slices (0.1mm or smaller) obtained from coronal, sagittal and axial slices. The method consists of the following steps: during navigation along the long axis of a root canal when finding a possible hypodense line of main root canal in a tomographic section (axial, sagittal or coronal), the navigation software lines of the multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) must be adjusted so that they are parallel and perpendicular to the hypodense line (parallax correction). Then, after judiciously adjusted, the accessory canal image will invariably appear as a line on one of the MPR tomographic slices, another line on another slice, and a dot on the third slice. The three sections of the MPR present images with the "line-line-dot" sequence. In this way, it is possible to identify an accessory root canal and also visualize it in volumetric reconstruction in a specific filter. The application of this method is easy to employed and may benefit the diagnosis when you want to visualize accessory root canals and distinguish it from root fracture line.


Resumo Este estudo descreve um método para identificar canais radiculares acessórios usando o software e-Vol DX em imagens de TCFC. Os canais radiculares acessórios constituem abrigos estratégicos aos micro-organismos presentes nas infecções endodônticas. A identificação destes pequenos canais em exames radiográficos periapicais apresenta limitações, além de apresentar baixa acessibilidade natural a ação dos instrumentos endodônticos e dos agentes antimicrobianos. Os canais acessórios apresentam diâmetros suficientes para ficarem visíveis em imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) de alta resolução espacial. Porém, podem passar despercebidos ou até confundidos quando não ocorrer treinamento específico para este tipo de diagnóstico. A metodologia consiste em estabelecer finos slices (0,1 mm ou menor) obtidos a partir de cortes coronal, sagital e axial. O método consiste nos seguintes passos: ao encontrar uma linha hipodensa de um canal radicular principal em um corte tomográfico (axial, sagital ou coronal) deve-se ajustar as linhas de navegação da reconstrução multiplanar (MPR) para que fiquem paralelas ao canal principal e perpendiculares a esta linha hipodensa (correção de paralaxe). A seguir, depois de criterioso ajuste da imagem em busca do canal acessório, aparece invariavelmente como uma linha em um dos cortes tomográficos da MPR, outra linha em outro corte e um ponto no terceiro corte. Os três cortes da MPR apresentam imagens com a sequência linha-linha-ponto. Desta maneira, pode-se identificar um canal acessório e visualizá-lo em reconstrução volumétrica em filtro específico. Esta metodologia é fácil de ser aplicada e pode beneficiar o diagnóstico quando se deseja identificar canais radiculares acessórios e distingui-lo de linha de fratura radicular.

4.
J. appl. oral sci ; 28: e20190148, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056580

ABSTRACT

Abstract The site of the sinus tract depends on the rate of resistance against abscess exudate drainage, bone morphology, and distance from the root apex to the outer cortical bone. Objective To assess apical bone thickness in buccal and palatal/lingual aspects of maxillary and mandibular teeth, using a high-resolution cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) system. Methodology In total, 422 CBCT examinations were included in the study, resulting in a sample of 1400 teeth. The scans were acquired by PreXion 3D, with a high-resolution protocol. The bone thickness was taken as the distance between the center of the apical foramen and the buccal and lingual/palatal cortical bone. The quantitative variables were expressed as mean values±standard deviation. The independent samples were analyzed using the t-test or the Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05). Results The lowest mean value of bone thickness was observed in the buccal cortical bone of the upper canines (1.49 mm±0.86) and in the upper central incisors (1.59 mm±0.67). In premolar teeth, the lowest values were found in the buccal cortical bone of upper first premolars (1.13 mm±0.68). In the posterior teeth, the lowest values were found in the buccal cortical bone of upper first molars (1.98 mm±1.33). In the lower second molar region, the buccal cortical bone (8.36 mm±1.84) was thicker than the lingual cortical bone (2.95 mm±1.16) (p<0.05). Conclusions The lowest mean values of bone thickness are in the buccal cortical bone of the maxillary teeth. In the mandible, bone thickness is thinner in the buccal bone around the anterior and premolar teeth, and in the lingual aspect of mandibular molars. All these anatomic characteristics could make the occurrence of the sinus tract more susceptible in these specific regions of the maxillary and mandibular alveolar bone.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Tooth/anatomy & histology , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods , Mandible/anatomy & histology , Maxilla/anatomy & histology , Reference Values , Tooth/diagnostic imaging , Statistics, Nonparametric , Mandible/diagnostic imaging , Maxilla/diagnostic imaging , Odontometry/methods
5.
J. res. dent ; 6(5): 98-103, sep.-oct2018.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1358771

ABSTRACT

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of different endodontic irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). Methods: Seventy bovine mandibular incisors were prepared, inoculated with a bacterial strain for 60 days and divided into the following groups: positive control; negative control; 2.5% NaOCl; 17% EDTA; 0.2% chitosan; 2.5% NaOCl + 0.2% chitosan; and 2.5% NaOCl + 17% EDTA. The irrigation protocol was performed using an experimental peristaltic pump device, with the irrigating solutions circulating within the apparatus at a constant flow for 10 min. Paper-point samples were then collected from the root canals and immersed in 7 mL of brain heart infusion broth, followed by incubation at 37°C for 48 h. Bacterial growth was assessed by turbidity of the culture medium. Results: E. faecalis was present in all samples after the use of different irrigants. Conclusion: The different irrigants tested were not effective in completely eliminating dentin bacterial contamination with E. faecalis.

6.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 32(supl.1): e71, 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-974472

ABSTRACT

Abstract: The purpose of this manuscript was to re-discuss apical periodontitis, apical biofilm, and its possible relationship with dendritic cells (DC). DCs are potent regulators of the immune system and their function is divided into three categories that involve the presentation of antigens: the presentation of antigens and activation of T cells; a not well established category suggested that DCs induce and maintain immunological tolerance; and the maintenance of the immune memory in conjunction with B cells. DCs in periapical inflammatory lesions are composed of at least two subpopulations that can be distinguished on the basis of ultrastructure and phenotype. These populations might differ in lineage, state of maturation, differentiation, activation, and/or function. The authors hereby analyzed the root apexes of teeth under SEM, after performing apicoectomy due to the failure of conventional endodontic treatment. Microbial biofilm with multispecies and areas of resorption with the presence of Howship lacunae, and images suggestive of denditric cells could be observed. The presence of DCs in periapical lesion could be an indication of the severity of the lesion, with a constant presence of antigen in the periradicular region.


Subject(s)
Humans , Periapical Periodontitis/microbiology , Periapical Periodontitis/pathology , Dendritic Cells/pathology , Biofilms , Periapical Periodontitis/immunology , Dendritic Cells/immunology , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/microbiology , Antigens/immunology
7.
Braz. dent. j ; 25(1): 3-11, Jan-Feb/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-709397

ABSTRACT

Knowing the outcome of root canal treatment (RCT) is determinant to substantiate the clinical decision making process, especially when RCT is weighed against the extraction of natural teeth or replacement by prosthetic elements. The ideal scenario in all clinical situations should combine healing/prevention of disease (apical periodontitis) and the functional retention of the tooth. Understanding the risk factors associated with endodontic failure is a key factor to increase the chances of success. The logical action is to reverse the existing disease, which requires intervention to neutralize the bacterial invasion and disrupt the bacterial biofilm within the complex anatomy. Success is more predictable when the immune host defenses are favorable. However, success has different meanings to the dentist, to the patient and to the tooth itself. The life of an endodontically treated tooth depends on the accuracy of the diagnosis and planning, excellence of disinfection, instrumentation and filling procedures (antimicrobial strategies, root canal shaping and coronal and apical seal) and finally the rehabilitation management. The interpretation of constant or intermittent pain and/or discomfort associated with apical periodontitis (AP) in endodontically treated tooth may be suggestive of endodontic failure. The success features of RCT, namely absence of pain, regression of AP, tight seal of canal and coronal spaces, and recovery of tooth function, must be reevaluated over time. In case of doubt between success and failure, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) could be indicated for detection and precise localization of AP. The possibility of map reading on CBCT images characterizes the real multidimensional structure, providing accurate information on the presence, absence or regression of AP. The survival of an endodontically treated tooth implies understanding the biological and mechanical outcomes as multifactorial events over the individual's life span. The objective of this review of literature is to discuss relevant factors associated with patient's health, tooth and dentist that could account for a successful RCT.


O sucesso do tratamento endodôntico deve sempre ser o principal objetivo em todas as situações clínicas, evitando-se dentro do possível a perda do dente. O entendimento dos fatores de riscos associados aos fracassos alerta para a importância terapêutica. A lógica é reverter o quadro de doença presente, o que demanda intervenção para neutralizar a agressão e romper biofilme bacteriano presente no complexo anatômico. Quando as defesas imunológicas do hospedeiro são favoráveis, o sucesso é mais previsível. A óptica do sucesso para o profissional, para o paciente e para o dente é distinta. A vida útil do dente tratado endodonticamente (DTE) depende da qualidade do processo de sanificação (estratégias antimicrobianas, alargamento e selamento), cujo referencial apresenta como base o diagnóstico, o planejamento e a excelência da técnica operatória (endodôntica e reabilitadora). A presença de dor contínua, esporádica, e/ou desconforto, associada ao aspecto de uma imagem radiolúcida em DTE pode ser sugestivo de fracasso. As características de sucesso do tratamento (ausência de dor, regressão de periodontite apical (PA), espaço do canal radicular e coronário completamente obturado, e dente em função) devem ser avaliadas ao longo do tempo. Nos casos de dúvida, entre sucesso ou fracasso, a correta localização ou detecção da PA pode ser feita por tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC). A possibilidade de uma navegação pela imagem da TCFC pode caracterizar a realidade de uma estrutura multidimensional, auxiliando com informação precisa sobre a presença, ausência ou regressão da PA. A vida útil do DTE implica no entendimento de resultados biológicos e mecânicos como um evento multifatorial ao longo da vida do indivíduo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Root Canal Therapy , Treatment Outcome
8.
Stomatos ; 19(37): 40-47, Jul.-Dec. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-784001

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os aspectos epidemiológicos da avulsão de dentes decíduos. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 69 pacientes (92 dentes avulsionados) atendidos no Serviço de Urgência Odontológica da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Goiás, entre os anos de 1998 e 2005. As seguintes informações foram retiradas dos registros odontológicos de cada paciente: gênero, idade, fator etiológico, distribuição sazonal, grupo dentário, número de dentes avulsionados e tipo de tratamento. O tratamento estatístico analisou os dados frente à distribuição de frequência e qui-quadrado. O nível de significância foi de p<0,05. Observou-se elevada ocorrência de avulsões em meninos (52.17%) com 4 anos de idade (31.88%). Os principais fatores etiológicos foram quedas (82.61%) e acidentes de trânsito (5.80%). A maioria dos episódios de avulsão ocorreu durante os dias da semana (82.61%). A distribuição sazonal evidenciou elevado número de traumatismos nos períodos de março a junho (outono; n=28; 40.58%) e setembro a dezembro (primavera; n=18; 26.09%). O dente mais comumente afetado foi o incisivo central superior (68.48%), seguido pelo incisivo lateral superior (22.83%). As modalidades terapêuticas mais comumente realizadas foram exame clínico e anamnese (64 dentes; 69.57%) e mantenedor de espaço (18 dentes; 19.58%). Verificou-se elevado número de avulsões dentárias em meninos, com idade inferior a 4 anos e decorrentes de quedas...


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological aspects associated with avulsion of primary teeth. The sample consisted of 92 avulsed teeth of 69 patients seen at the dental urgency service of the Dental School of the Federal University of Goiás, Brazil, from 1998 to 2005. The data obtained from the records included children's gender and age, causes of tooth avulsion, daily and monthly distribution, type and number of avulsed teeth and the treatment procedures. Frequency distribution and the chi-square test were calculated. The level of significance was set at 5% for all analyses. The highest incidence was found among boys (52.17%) aged 4 years (31.88%). The main etiologic factors were falls (82.61%) and traffic accidents (5.80%). Most cases occurred during weekdays (82.61%), from March to June (autumn; n=28; 40.58%) and from September to December (spring; n=18; 26.09%). Most avulsed teeth were maxillary central incisors (68.48%), followed by maxillary lateral incisors (22.83%). The most frequent treatments were analysis of clinical history and clinical exam (64 teeth; 69.57%) and space maintainer (18 teeth; 19.57%). The epidemiological and clinical aspects of tooth avulsion in this study were similar to those reported in other studies. There was a high number of avulsed primary teeth in boys aged less than 4 years and caused by falls...


Subject(s)
Humans , Tooth Avulsion/epidemiology , Tooth, Deciduous , Tooth Injuries
9.
Stomatos ; 19(37): 48-59, Jul.-Dec. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-784003

ABSTRACT

Avaliar, em estudos longitudinais, a eficácia das soluções irrigantes utilizadas no tratamento endodôntico sobre a limpeza, remoção da smear layer e poder de dissolução tecidual, através de revisão sistemática. Método: Empregaram-se fontes de catalogação bibliográfica identificadas eletronicamente pelo portal MEDLINE (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed), a partir de 1966 até 10 de janeiro de 2012. Na estratégia de busca empregou-se a combinação dos unitermos: (Endodontic or root canal) and (Smear layer or clean* or tissue dissolution or organic dissolution) and (irrigants or NaOCl or sodium hypochlorite or Milton Solution or Dakin solution or Labarraque solution or chlorinated soda or chlorine or chloride or hypoclean or hypochlor or niclor or Chlor-xtra or chlorhexidine or chx or cloreximid or peridex or periogard or EDTA or Acid or citric or acetic or peracetic or malic or vinegar or citrate or Hydrogen peroxide or h2o2 or Iodine or iodide or povidone or povidine or PVP or Ozone or ozonated or MTAD or Tetraclean or Endoptc or Rc prep or Morinda citrifolia or Aquatine or hydroxyethylcellulose or cat's claw or propolis). Os estudos foram selecionados por dois revisores, independentes, que determinaram os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados: A busca apresentou 817 artigos relacionados. Quatro (04) estudos satisfizeram os critérios de inclusão e exclusão preestabelecidos. A avaliação histológica foi realizada a 1, 2 e 3 mm do ápice radicular. O hipoclorito de sódio a 5,25% e 6% foi a única solução irrigante a apresentar evidências científicas de ação de limpeza sobre as paredes dos canais radiculares. Conclusão: A utilização do ultrassom melhorou o potencial de limpeza das soluções irrigantes. As regiões de istmo apresentaram menor percentual de áreas livres de detritos...


To assess the efficacy of irrigant solutions used in endodontic treatment in terms of cleanliness, smear layer removal and tissue dissolving potency by means of a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Method: Articles were identified in electronic bibliographies accessible via MEDLINE. Searches were run on the PubMed Database (http://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/PubMed) for articles published from 1966 to January 10, 2012, using combinations of the following keywords: (Endodontic or root canal) and (Smear layer or clean* or tissue dissolution or organic dissolution) and (irrigants or NaOCl or sodium hypochlorite or Milton Solution or Dakin solution or Labarraque solution or chlorinated soda or chlorine or chloride or hypoclean or hypochlor or niclor or Chlor-xtra or chlorhexidine or chx or cloreximid or peridex or periogard or EDTA or Acid or citric or acetic or peracetic or malic or vinegar or citrate or Hydrogen peroxide or H2O2 or Iodine or iodide or povidone or povidine or PVP or Ozone or ozonated or MTAD or Tetraclean or Endoptc or Rc prep or Morinda citrifolia or Aquatine or hydroxyethylcellulose or cat's claw or propolis). Studies were assessed for inclusion and exclusion criteria by two independent examiners. Results: The search returned 817 articles. Four (04) studies met the preestablished inclusion criteria and not the exclusion criteria. Teeth were assessed histologically at points 1, 2 and 3 mm from the root apex. Sodium hypochlorite at 5.25% and 6% was the only irrigating solution for which there is scientific evidence of root wall cleaning activity. Conclusions: Addition of ultrasound improved the cleaning potency of irrigant solutions. Isthmus regions had the lowest percentages of area free from debris...


Subject(s)
Humans , Smear Layer , Chlorhexidine , Sodium Hypochlorite
10.
Stomatos ; 19(37): 29-39, Jul.-Dec. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-784004

ABSTRACT

Avaliar o efeito antibacteriano de antissépticos bucais sobre bactérias facultativas por meio de testes de difusão em ágar e teste por exposição direta. Metodologia: Cepas de S. mutans (ATCC 25175), E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) e P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) foram inoculadas em 7 mL de brain heart infusion (BHI) e incubadas a 37°C por 24 horas. Para o teste de difusão em ágar, 15 placas de Petri com 20 mL de brain heart infusion agar (BHIA) foram inoculadas com 0,1 mL das suspensões microbianas, com auxílio de swabs esterilizados, de modo a se obter um crescimento confluente e uma placa de Petri não foi inoculada. Trinta e seis discos de papel com 9 mm de diâmetro foram imersos nas soluções experimentais de cloreto de cetilpiridínio 0,07%, cloreto de cetilpiridínio 0,075%, gluconato de clorexidina 0,12% e cloreto de benzalcônio 0,13% durante 1 minuto. A seguir, três discos de papel contendo uma das soluções irrigantes foram colocados sobre a superfície do BHIA. As placas foram mantidas por 1 hora em temperatura ambiente e incubadas a 37°C por 48 horas. Os diâmetros dos halos de inibição microbiana foram medidos valendo-se de duas medidas de forma perpendicular entre si, sendo obtida a média de seus comprimentos. Para o teste de exposição direta, 216 cones de papel absorventes esterilizados nº 50 foram imersos na suspensão de micro-organismos por 5 minutos, e a seguir foram colocados em placas de Petri e cobertos com 10 mL de uma das soluções testes. Em intervalos de 1, 5, 10 e 30 minutos, 3 cones de papel absorventes foram retirados do contato com as substâncias, transportados individualmente e imersos em 7 mL de Letheen Broth, e incubados a 37°C por 48 horas. O crescimento microbiano foi avaliado pela turbidade do meio de cultura. Um inóculo de 0,1 mL obtido do Letheen Broth foi transferido para 7 mL de BHI, e incubado nas mesmas condições descritas. O crescimento microbiano foi novamente avaliado pela turbidade do meio de cultura...


Purpose: To evaluate the antibacterial effect of four oral antiseptics (two solutions of cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine gluconate and benzalkonium chloride) on facultative bacteria using two methods. Methods: Strains were inoculated in 7 mL of brain heart infusion (BHI) and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. For the agar diffusion test, 15 Petri plates with 20 mL of brain heart infusion agar (BHIA) were inoculated with 0.1 mL of microbial suspensions using sterile swabs to produce confluent growth; one Petri plate was not inoculated. Thirty-six 9-mm paper discs were immersed in the experimental solutions (0.07% cetylpyridinium chloride, 0.075% cetylpyridinium chloride, 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate, and 0.13% benzalkonium chloride) for 1 minute. Subsequently, three paper discs containing irrigant solutions were placed on the BHIA in each plate. The plates were kept at room temperature for 1 hour and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. Two measurements of the inhibition zones were made on the paper discs containing the solutions, and mean values were calculated. For the direct exposure test, 216 #50 sterilized paper points were immersed in the microorganism suspensions for 5 minutes, placed onto Petri plates and covered with 10 mL of irrigant solution. At one, five, 10 and 30 minutes, three paper points were removed from the contact substances, transported individually, immersed in 7 mL Letheen broth and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. Bacterial growth was evaluated by turbidity. An inoculum of 0.1 mL Letheen broth was transferred to 7 mL BHI, and incubated as described above. Bacterial growth was evaluated according to turbidity. Results: Inhibition zones were greater than 10 mm for all substances and all microorganisms under study. The antibacterial...


Subject(s)
Humans , Mouthwashes/adverse effects , Chlorhexidine , Benzalkonium Compounds
11.
Braz. dent. j ; 24(6): 569-574, Nov-Dec/2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-697649

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to detect root isthmuses in maxillary and mandibular molars and evaluate their frequencies using map-reading dynamics in CBCT images. Two hundred extracted human maxillary and mandibular molars were used in ex vivo assay. A consecutive sample of two hundred maxillary and mandibular molars (first and second) was selected from CBCT exams. The isthmuses were detected from the pulp orifice to the apex and were recorded according to their beginning and their end, into categories: 1. begin and end in cervical third; 2. beginning in cervical third and end in middle third; 3. beginning in cervical third and end in apical third; 4. beginning and end in middle third; 5. begin in middle third and end in apical third; 6. beginning and end in apical third; 7. no isthmus. The scans were obtained in different planes with map-reading in axial slices of 0.5 mm/0.5 mm involved the coronal to apical direction. The frequencies of isthmus were analyzed according to the level of root and evaluated by Chi-square test. The level of significance was set at α=0.05. The presence of isthmus detected in maxillary molars was 86% in ex vivo assay and 62% in vivo assay, whereas in mandibular molars was observed 70% in ex vivo assay and 72% in vivo assay. The frequency of isthmus was high in both study models. The map-reading dynamics in CBCT images was found to be precise to detect the localization of isthmus.


O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar a presença de istmos em molares superiores e inferiores, e avaliar a frequência usando dinâmica de navegação em imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC). Duzentos molares superiores e inferiores humanos foram usados em ensaio ex vivo. Uma amostra consecutiva de duzentos molares (superiores e inferiores, primeiros e segundos) foi selecionada a partir de exames de TCFC. Os istmos foram detectados a partir do orifício de entrada da cavidade pulpar em direção ao ápice, de acordo com o início e o fim, nas categorias: 1. início e término no terço cervical; 2. início no terço cervical e término no terço médio; 3. início no terço cervical e término no terço apical; 4. início e fim no terço médio; 5. início no terço médio e término no terço apical; 6. início e término no terço apical ; 7. ausência de istmo radicular. Os exames de TCFC foram obtidos em diferentes planos com estratégias de navegação em cortes axiais de 0,5 mm/0.5 mm de coronal para a direção apical. As frequências de istmo radicular foram analisadas de acordo com o terço da raiz e avaliadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado. O nível de significância estabelecido foi de 5%. A presença de istmo radicular em molares superiores foi de 86% em ensaio ex vivo e 62% em ensaio in vivo, enquanto que, em molares inferiores foram observados 70% em ensaio ex vivo e 72% em ensaio vivo. A frequência radicular de istmo foi elevada em ambos os modelos de estudo. A dinâmica da estratégia de navegação em imagens de TCFC é precisa para detectar a localização do istmo radicular.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Molar/anatomy & histology , Molar , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology , Tooth Root , Dental Pulp Cavity/anatomy & histology , Dental Pulp Cavity , Tooth Apex/anatomy & histology , Tooth Apex
12.
Stomatos ; 18(35): 54-59, Jul.-Dec. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-693969

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this paper was to describe the conservative treatment adopted in one nonsyndromic patient presenting with shovel-shaped upper incisors and dens invaginatus. A 13-yearold female patient sought treatment reporting pain in response to cold stimuli in the upper anterior teeth. Four upper incisors with shovel-shaped anatomical alterations in the palatal side of the crown were detected during intra-oral clinical examination; in addition, imaging exams revealed a type I dens invaginatus in tooth 22. There was no communication between the carious lesion and the pulp chamber, and a restorative treatment plan was developed. After 2 years of follow-up, the patient showed absence of pain, fistulas, swelling, or periodontal pockets. When faced with anomalous teeth, conservative procedures should be considered as a potential solution for restorative and endodontic treatment.


O objetivo desse trabalho foi descrever o tratamento conservador adotado em um paciente não sindrômico apresentando incisivos em forma de pá (shovel-shaped) e dens invaginatus. Paciente de 13 anos de idade, do sexo feminino, procurou tratamento com queixa de dor em resposta a estímulos frios nos dentes superiores anteriores. Quatro incisivos superiores com alterações anatômicas em forma de pá na face palatal da coroa foram detectados durante o exame clínico intraoral; além disso, exames de imagens revelaram a presença de dens invaginatus tipo I no dente 22. Não havia comunicação entre a cárie e a câmara pulpar, e um plano de tratamento restaurador foi desenvolvido. Após 2 anos de seguimento, a paciente demonstrava ausência de dor, fístulas, edema ou bolsas periodontais. Ao se deparar com anomalias dentárias, procedimentos conservadores devem ser considerados como uma potencial solução de tratamento restaurador e endodôntico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Maxillofacial Abnormalities , Incisor/abnormalities
13.
Braz. dent. j ; 22(4): 306-311, 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-595661

ABSTRACT

A retrospective survey was designed to identify diagnostic subgroups and clinical factors associated with odontogenic pain and discomfort in dental urgency patients. A consecutive sample of 1,765 patients seeking treatment for dental pain at the Urgency Service of the Dental School of the Federal University of Goiás, Brazil, was selected. Inclusion criteria were pulpal or periapical pain that occurred before dental treatment (minimum 6 months after the last dental appointment), and the exclusion criteria were teeth with odontogenic developmental anomalies and missing information or incomplete records. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed to assess clinical presentation of pain complaints including origin, duration, frequency and location of pain, palpation, percussion and vitality tests, radiographic features, endodontic diagnosis and characteristics of teeth. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze association between pulpal and periapical pain and independent variables. The most frequent endodontic diagnosis of pulpal pain were symptomatic pulpitis (28.3 percent) and hyperreactive pulpalgia (14.4 percent), and the most frequent periapical pain was symptomatic apical periodontitis of infectious origin (26.4 percent). Regression analysis revealed that closed pulp chamber and caries were highly associated with pulpal pain and, conversely, open pulp chamber was associated with periapical pain (p<0.001). Endodontic diagnosis and local factors associated with pulpal and periapical pain suggest that the important clinical factor of pulpal pain was closed pulp chamber and caries, and of periapical pain was open pulp chamber.


Um estudo retrospectivo foi realizado para identificar fatores clínicos e de diagnóstico associado com a dor de origem odontogênica. Foram selecionados 1765 pacientes que buscaram tratamento para dor odontogênica no Serviço de Urgência da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Os critérios de inclusão foram dor de origem pulpar ou periapical antes do tratamento dentário (mínimo de 6 meses depois da última consulta odontológica), e os critérios de exclusão foram dentes com anomalias de desenvolvimento e falta de informações ou registros incompletos. Avaliações clínicas e radiográficas foram realizadas para se obter as características clínicas de dor, incluindo origem, duração, frequência e localização da dor, testes de palpação, percussão e vitalidade pulpar, aspectos radiográficos, diagnóstico endodôntico e características dos dentes. Os testes qui-quadrado e regressão logística múltipla foram utilizados para verificar a associação entre a dor de origem pulpar e periapical e variáveis independentes. O diagnóstico endodôntico de dor de origem pulpar mais frequente foi pulpite sintomática (28,3 por cento) seguido por pulpalgia hiper-reativa (14,4 por cento), e o mais frequente de dor de origem periapical foi periodontite apical sintomática infecciosa (26,4 por cento). Análise de regressão revelou que câmaras pulpares fechadas e cáries estavam altamente associadas à dor pulpar e, inversamente, câmara pulpar aberta estava associada à dor periapical (p<0,001). O diagnóstico endodôntico e fatores locais associados com dor de origem pulpar e periapical sugerem que os fatores clínicos importantes das dores pulpares foram câmaras pulpares fechadas e cáries, e de dor periapical foi câmara pulpar aberta.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Dental Pulp Diseases/diagnosis , Periapical Diseases/diagnosis , Toothache/diagnosis , Dental Pulp Test , Dental Restoration, Permanent , Dental Restoration, Temporary , Diagnosis, Differential , Dental Caries/diagnosis , Dental Fistula/diagnosis , Pain Measurement , Palpation , Percussion , Post and Core Technique , Periapical Abscess/diagnosis , Periapical Periodontitis/diagnosis , Pulpitis/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Root Canal Therapy , Time Factors , Tooth Fractures/diagnosis
14.
J. appl. oral sci ; 18(4): 426-431, July-Aug. 2010. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-557116

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of selected bacterial species in intraoral sites of patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). METHODOLOGY: Samples were collected from the tongue dorsum, buccal mucosa, supragingival and subgingival plaque and saliva of 30 patients with untreated CP. Multiplex PCR was used to determine prevalence rates, which were then compared using a chi-square test. Significance level was set at p<0.05. Mean and standard deviation values were used to evaluate variations in prevalence according to site. RESULTS: The prevalence of S. mutans was 70 percent in saliva; 60 percent in samples collected from the tongue dorsum; 50 percent in samples collected from the buccal mucosa; 56.5 percent in the supragingival plaque; and 53.5 percent in the subgingival plaque. The prevalence of E. faecalis ranged from 3.5 percent to 13.5 percent in all intraoral microenvironment. The highest prevalence of P. gingivalis was found in subgingival plaque (53.5 percent), and of P. intermedia in supragingival plaque (33.5 percent), subgingival plaque (30 percent) and tongue dorsum (33.5 percent). The prevalence of bacteria did not vary significantly among the intraoral sites. CONCLUSIONS: All studied bacteria were identified in intraoral sites. S. mutans, P. gingivalis and P. intermedia had high prevalence rates, but the prevalence of E. faecalis was low. Multiplex PCR proved to be an adequate method for epidemiological studies.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Bacteroidaceae/classification , Chronic Periodontitis/microbiology , Lactobacillales/classification , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Cheek/microbiology , Chronic Periodontitis/classification , Dental Plaque/microbiology , Enterococcus faecalis/isolation & purification , Gingiva/microbiology , Gingival Hemorrhage/classification , Mouth Mucosa/microbiology , Periodontal Pocket/classification , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolation & purification , Prevotella intermedia/isolation & purification , Saliva/microbiology , Streptococcus mutans/isolation & purification , Tongue/microbiology
15.
Rev. bras. odontol ; 66(1): 133-141, jan.-jun. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-575399

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se em estudos longitudinais a eficácia da clorexidina em infecções endodônticas detectadas por cultura ou reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), por meio de revisão sistemática. As estratégias de busca incluíram buscas eletrônicas (Medline, Embase, Central) e manuais, utilizando-se várias palavras-chave: chlorhexidineand (endodontic* OR endodontic* infection* OR root canal infection*). A busca apresentou 196 artigos, sendo que dos 48 estudos in vivo, sete satisfizeram os critérios de inclusão. A combinação de resultados com vistas à estruturação de uma meta-análise não foi possível em função da heterogeneidade dos estudos. O emprego da clorexidina como irrigante durante o preparo de canais radiculares infectados mostrou reduzir a microbiota endodôntica remanescente.


Subject(s)
Chlorhexidine/standards , Enterococcus faecalis , Root Canal Irrigants/standards
16.
J. appl. oral sci ; 17(2): 87-91, Mar.-Apr. 2009. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-503984

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this work was to develop a model system to study antimicrobial strategies in endodontic biofilms. Enterococcus faecalis suspension was colonized in 10 human root canals. Five milliliters of Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) were mixed with 5 mL of the bacterial inoculums (E. faecalis) and inoculated with sufficient volume to fill the root canal during 60 days. This procedure was repeated every 72 h, always using 24-h pure culture prepared and adjusted to No. 1 MacFarland turbidity standard. Biofilm formation was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). E. faecalis consistently adhered to collagen structure, colonized dentin surface, progressed towards the dentinal tubules and formed a biofilm. The proposed biofilm model seems to be viable for studies on antimicrobial strategies, and allows for a satisfactory colonization time of selected bacterial species with virulence and adherence properties.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biofilms/growth & development , Dental Pulp Cavity/microbiology , Enterococcus faecalis/growth & development , Models, Biological , Culture Media , Dentin/microbiology , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Nephelometry and Turbidimetry
17.
Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr ; 9(1): 13-17, jan.-abr. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-541950

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar in vitro a ação antimicrobiana de materiais obturadores de canais radiculares de dentes decíduos por meio da difusão em ágar. Método: Os materiais testados foram: pasta Guedes-Pinto, pasta CTZ, OZE, Calen®, L&C® e MTA. Foi utilizada uma mistura microbiana composta por: Staphylococcus aureus - ATCC 6538, Enterococcus faecalis - ATCC 29212, Pseudomonas aeruginosa - ATCC 27853, Bacillus subtilis - ATCC 6633, Candida albicans - ATCC 10231. Foram utilizadas placas de Petri, contendo BHI ágar inoculadas com 0,1mL da mistura microbiana, nas quais foram confeccionadas cavidades no ágar, sendo estas preenchidas com as respectivas pastas. A leitura dos halos de inibição (mm) foi realizada após 48h/37ºC e os resultados submetidos aos testes Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney. Resultados: as pastas CTZ e Guedes-Pinto apresentaram halos de inibição estatisticamente maiores que os demais materiais (p<0,001). A L&C® e o MTA não apresentaram halos de inibição. Conclusão: as pastas Guedes-Pinto, CTZ, Calen® e o OZE apresentaram ação antimicrobiana por difusão.


Subject(s)
Dental Materials , Endodontics/methods , In Vitro Techniques , Microbiology , Root Canal Obturation/methods , Root Canal Obturation , Pulpectomy/methods , Tooth, Deciduous , Statistics, Nonparametric
18.
J. appl. oral sci ; 17(1): 1-7, Jan.-Feb. 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-502762

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this paper is to discuss critically the antibacterial efficacy of intracanal medicaments on bacterial biofilm. Longitudinal studies were evaluated by a systematic review of English-language articles retrieved from electronic biomedical journal databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL) and handsearching records, using different matches of keywords for root canal biofilm, between 1966 and August 1st, 2007. The selected articles were identified from titles, abstracts and full-text articles by two independent reviewers, considering the tabulated inclusion and exclusion criteria. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. The search retrieved 91 related articles, of which 8.8 percent referred to in vivo studies demonstrating the lack of efficacy of endodontic therapy on bacterial biofilm. Intracanal medicaments were found to have a limited action against bacterial biofilm.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biofilms/drug effects , Root Canal Irrigants/pharmacology , Dental Pulp Cavity/microbiology
19.
ROBRAC ; 17(44): 138-145, dez. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-524014

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a infiltração microbiana em dentes restaurados provisoriamente com omaterial restaurador intermediário (IRM, Intermediate Restorative Material), Cavit ou Vitremer. Para tanto,foram utilizados 50 dentes humanos extraídos unirradiculares, distribuídos aleatoriamente em três gruposexperimentais e dois grupos controle (positivo e negativo). Para o modelo de estudo, empregou-se uma plataforma,dividida em duas partes: câmara superior - onde foi introduzida a suspensão microbiana contendoos indicadores biológicos (E. faecalis + S. aureus + P. aeruginosa + B. subtilis + C. Albicans); e, câmarainferior, com o meio de cultura (Brain Heart Infusion), onde os dentes permaneceram imersos com 5 mm doremanescente apical radicular (correspondente ao terço cervical) durante o período de 60 dias. Observou-sea partir dos resultados, que nos dentes dos grupos 1 (IRM) e 2 (Cavit) ocorreu infiltração microbiana a partirde 7 dias. No grupo 3 (Vitremer) não foi verificada infiltração microbiana no período de 7 a 60 dias.


This study aimed to determine the microbial coronal leakage of temporary restorative materials when employingIRM, Cavit or Vitremer, by means of differents microbial indicators. Thus, 50 single-rooted humanteeth were used, which were shaped until the file size 50 and assigned to 3 experimental groups. Two groupswas used as control. In the study model, a platform was employed, which was split in two halves: an upperchamber - where the microbial suspension containing the biological indicators was introduced (E. faecalis +S. aureus + P. aeruginosa + B. subtilis + C. albicans); and a lower chamber containing the culture mediumBrain Heart Infusion, in which 5 mm of the apical region of teeth (coronal third) were kept immersed. Interpretationsof the time to occur microbial leakage were made daily for 60 days, using the turbidity of the culturemedium which is indicative of microbial contamination, as a reference. The results showed that in the teethfrom groups 1 (IRM) and 2 (Cavit) occurred microbial leakage after 7 days. In the group 3 (Vitremer) it wasnot observed microbial leakage at intervals of 7 to 60 days.

20.
Braz. dent. j ; 19(4): 313-317, 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-504204

ABSTRACT

This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence of endodontically treated teeth in 1,401 Brazilian adults. Panoramic radiographs were selected at the Radiological Center of Orofacial Images (CRIOF, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil) between August 2002 and September 2007. Three independent endodontists discussed interpretation criteria and classified specimens according to the following data: presence of root canal treatment, which was defined as partially or completely filled canal space, regardless of whether filling ended at the radiographic apex or not; presence of intracanal post; and associated apical periodontitis. Odds ratio, logistic regression and a chi-square test were used for statistical analyses. Significance level was set at p<0.05. Of 29,467 teeth evaluated, 6,313 (21.4 percent) were treated endodontically. Endodontic treatment was most frequent in maxillary premolars and molars, whereas mandibular incisors showed the lowest prevalence. Most endodontically treated teeth were found in people aged 46 to 60 years (47.6 percent, p<0.001) and the prevalence increased with age in this age range. Females (61.9 percent, p<0.001) showed a higher prevalence of teeth with root fillings than males. The present study found a higher prevalence of endodontically treated teeth in a Brazilian adult population compared to the prevalence reported in epidemiological studies conducted in other countries.


O objetivo do estudo transversal foi avaliar a prevalência de dentes tratados endodonticamente em uma população de Brasileiros adultos. Um total de 1.401 radiografias panorâmicas, oriundas do banco de imagens do Centro de Radiologia e Imagens Orofacial de Cuiabá (CRIOF, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil), entre agosto de 2002 e setembro de 2007 foi analisado. Três examinadores avaliaram todas as imagens, considerando-se a presença de tratamento endodôntico, indiferente à qualidade do tratamento (presença ou ausência de retentor intra-radicular ou periodontite apical). Os dados foram estatisticamente avaliados empregando-se razão de chances (odds ratio), regressão logística e teste Qui-quadrado. A partir de 29.467 dentes avaliados, 6.313 (21,4 por cento) eram endodonticamente tratados. Os pré-molares e molares superiores foram os dentes com maior prevalência de tratamento, enquanto os incisivos inferiores representaram o grupo de menor prevalência. Indivíduos do gênero feminino (61,9 por cento), e com idade entre 46 a 60 anos apresentaram maior prevalência de tratamento endodôntico. O presente estudo encontrou elevada prevalência de dentes tratados endodonticamente em adultos Brasileiros comparada com outros estudos epidemiológicos.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Periapical Periodontitis/epidemiology , Tooth, Nonvital/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Brazil/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Logistic Models , Odds Ratio , Prevalence , Radiography, Panoramic , Sex Distribution , Young Adult
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